| Vismara, Novella | ||
| Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Italia, vol. 12. Syria-Bactria et India, part 4: Judaea-Bactria et India (1991) | ||
| In: Comune di Milano Settore Cultura: Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche | ||
| Milano: Edizioni ennerre, 1991, 199 p. | ||
| Abstract:
Sylloge format of Greek money found throughout the Eastern world: in Judaea, Arabia, Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Elymais, Characene, Persia, Bactria and India and now kept in the Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche in Milan. (Andrea Carignani) Has an extensive section on Parthia (194 coins) plus Elymais (5) and Characene (3). | ||
| Visonà, Paolo | ||
| "The two Nehavend hoards reconsidered" (1985) | ||
| In: Coin Hoards Vol. VII (1985) | ||
| 1985, p. 68-73. | ||
| Vogelsang, Willem | ||
| "Parthian-Period Pottery from Iran" (1985) | ||
| Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1985, vol. 18, p. 157-172. | ||
| Vogelsang-Eastwood, Gillian | ||
| "The clothing of the 'Shami Prince'" (2000) | ||
| Persica, 2000, vol. 16, p. 31-47. | ||
| Volkmann, H. | ||
| "Parthia" (1972) | ||
| In: Der Kleine Pauly 4 | ||
| 1972, p. 332-337. | ||
| "Tiridates" (1975) | ||
| In: Der Kleine Pauly 5 | ||
| 1975, 859 p. | ||
| Waddington, William Henry | ||
| "Numismatique et chronologie des rois de la Characène" (1866) | ||
| Revue Numismatique, 1866, tome/ser. 2, vol. 11 | ||
| Waele, E. de | ||
| "La sculpture rupestre d'Elymaide, Deux fragments inédits d'époque parthe" (1975) | ||
| In: Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie orientale, vol. LXIX, 1975, pp. 59-79, 15 fig. | ||
| Revue d'assyriologie et d'archeologie orientale, 1975, vol. 69, p. 59-79. | ||
| Waggoner, Nancy M. | ||
| "The Coinage of Phraates III of Parthia, Addenda" (1972) | ||
| In: Summaries of Papers to be delivered at the Sixth International Congress of Iranian Art and Archaeology, Oxford, Sept. 1972 | ||
| 1972, 92 p. | ||
| "The Coinage of Phraates III of Parthia: Addenda" (1974) | ||
| In: Kouymjian, Dickran K. (ed.), Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy, and History: Studies in Honor of George C. Miles. | ||
| Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1974, p. 15-26. | ||
| Abstract:
One Parthian drachm and two tetradrachms recently acquired by the American Numismatic Society have prompted a review of the coinage attributed to Phraates III (ca. 70-57 B.C.). Mint marks on the drachm suggest the possibility of a date. The two tetradrachms together provide new numismatic evidence which alters with almost certainty the relative position in the chronological sequence of certain coins assigned to the immediate predecessors of Phraates. [Author] Reports important new tetradrachms of (Sellwood 1971 types 30 & 34), and also explains the use of letters in the fields of some drachm issues (Sellwood 1971 types 38-40) as dates. Also discusses the evolution of the attributions of these coins. Importantly, Waggoner includes an excellent plate of 17 Parthian coins, among them Sellwood (1971) 40/9 missing from the plates in Sellwood's book. | ||
| Wagner, Jörg | ||
| "Provincia Osrhoenae. New Archaeological Finds Illustrating the Military Organisation under the Severan Dynasty" (1983) | ||
| In: Mitchell, Stephen (ed.), Armies and Frontiers in Roman and Byzantine Anatolia ; BAR international series 156 | ||
| Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1983, p. 103-130. | ||
| Walker, Alan | ||
| "Forgeries and inventions of Parthian coins : gold coins of Vonones I and silver drachms of Osroes I, Vologases V and VI, Artabanus IV, and of Artabanus IV with the name Tiridates" (1994-1995) | ||
| Bulletin on Counterfeits, 1994, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 2-33. | ||
| Abstract: Includes appendix (p. 34-35): Some observations on the planchets, striking technique and dies of the Parthian drachm forgeries / J. F. Elmen. | ||
| "New Parthian and Sasanian Counterfeits" (1999) | ||
| Bulletin on Counterfeits, 1999, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 18-19. | ||
| Abstract: Includes two photos of counterfeit gold dinars of Mithradates II. These counterfeits copy silver drachms of Mithradates II, Sellwood type 27. | ||
| Walker, John | ||
| "The coins of Hatra" (1958) | ||
| Numismatic Chronicle, 1958, tome/ser. 6, vol. 18, p. 167-172. | ||
| Monnaies orientales (1960) | ||
| In: Göbl, Robert; Le Rider, Georges & Miles, George C. (eds.), Numismatique susienne, monnaies trouvées à Suse de 1946 à 1956, par R. Göbl [et al.], Paris: 1960;: Mémoires de la Mission archéologique en Iran t. 37 | ||
| 1960, p. 49-65. | ||
| Wallenfels, Ronald | ||
| "30 Ajjaru 219 SE = 19 June 93 BCE" (1992) | ||
| Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires, 1992, no. 2 (June), p. 37. | ||
| Walser, Gerald | ||
| "Die Route des Isidorus von Charax durch Iran" (1985) | ||
| Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1985, vol. 18, p. 145-153. | ||
| Walter, Mariko | ||
| "The Western Border of Buddhism, Margiana: The Question of Parthian Buddhism." (1998) | ||
| In: [Proceedings of] The The Third Silk Road Conference at Yale University, July 10 - 12, 1998 | ||
| 1998 | ||
| Abstract: The existence and nature of Parthian Buddhism from archeological data, Chinese sources, and philological evidence are to be briefly illustrated here. The continuity of Buddhism in Margiana and the other Buddhist sites in former Soviet Central Asia from the first to seventh century CE is to be demonstrated from the perspective of both art historical and textual findings. Some researchers seem to have a problem with the identification of An-sok in Chinese with the Parthian dynasty in Iran and the others doubt the existence of Buddhism in the Oxus region in the early Kushan period. Nevertheless Russian archaeological data based on numismatic evidence, the inscriptions in Karosthi, and the study of the Chinese Buddhist texts translated by the Parthian monks indicate the early onset of Buddhism in the Oxus region including Margiana. [Author] | ||
| Wang, Helen | ||
| Money On The Silk Road: The Evidence from Eastern Central Asia to C. AD 800 with a catalogue of the coins collected by Sir Aurel Stein (2004) | ||
| London: British Museum Press, 2004, 192 p. | ||
| Abstract:
This book focuses on the money of Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800, a period of over 900 years, across a vast geographical area with a very diverse population of different cultures and traditions. The only relevant historical accounts are those found in the Chinese dynastic histories, yet these contain few references to money in Eastern Central Asia. This study therefore depends almost entirely on the archaeological evidence for money found at sites in the region, in the form of coins and contemporary documentary evidence. The book is arranged in four parts. The first part presents the background to the study, the second the numismatic evidence, the third gives the evidence for money in the contemporary documents excavated at sites in Eastern Central Asia, and the concluding part brings together the data from the numismatic and documentary evidence to create a new framework for money in early Eastern Central Asia. [Publisher] Table of Contents: Part 1. Background, sources and the approach. The Silk Road and Eastern Central Asia; Money on the Silk Road. Part 2. The numismatic evidence. The Stein collection of coins from Eastern Central Asia; Coins of the Chinese tradition; Coins of the Western tradition; Coins of local manufacture. Part 3. The documentary evidence. Chinese documents: wood slips (1st century BC-4th centuries AD); Kharoshthi documents (3rd-4th centuries); Chinese documents: paper documents (4th-8th centuries); Khotanese documents (7th-8th centuries); Tibetan documents (8th-9th centuries). Part 4. Conclusion. Money in Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800: a new framework. Plates; Maps; Bibliography; Appendix; Index. | ||
| Ward-Perkins, John B. | ||
| The Roman West and the Parthian East (1965) | ||
| In: Proceedings of the British Academy, 51 | ||
| London: Oxford University Press, 1965, p. 175-199. | ||
| Abstract: See review: Ernest Will, Syria: Revue d'art oriental et d'archeologie 50 (1973), p. 246. | ||
| Warmington, E. H. | ||
| The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India (1928) | ||
| Warry, John Gibson | ||
| Warfare in the classical world : an illustrated encyclopedia of weapons, warriors, and warfare in the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome (1980) | ||
| New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980, 224 p. | ||
| Abstract: Includes drawings of a Parthian light cavalry horse archer and a cataphract. | ||
| Wartenberg, Ute, Price, Martin J. & McGregor, K. A. (eds.) | ||
| Coin Hoards Vol. VIII (1994) | ||
| London: Royal Numismatic Society, 1994 | ||
| Abstract: See hoard nos. 548, 549, 552, 556, 604. Hoards 552 and 556 are discussed in the article by J. Reade, p. 88-89. | ||
| Waterman, L. | ||
| Preliminary Report upon the Excavations at Tel Umar, Iraq (1931) | ||
| Ann Arbor: 1931 | ||
| Second Preliminary Report upon the Excavations at Tel Umar, Iraq (1933) | ||
| Ann Arbor: 1933 | ||
| Weber, Dieter | ||
| Die Stellung der sog. Inchoativa im Mitteliranischen (1970) | ||
| Göttingen: 1970 | ||
| Abstract: Weber's PhD thesis of Göttingen university discusses a certain Old Ir. present stem formation as reflected in several Middle Iranian languages, among these Parthian. [Agnes Korn] | ||
| "Notes on some Parthian names from Nisa" (2003) | ||
| Parthica, 2003, vol. 5, p. 127-130. | ||
| "The Coin Legend Tanlismaidates and Related Problems" (2004) | ||
| In: Parthia and beyond. Cultural interconnections in the classical period. Papers in honour of Gennadij A. Koselenko | ||
| Parthica, 2004, vol. 6, p. 247-250. | ||
| Weidemann, K. | ||
| "Untersuchungen zur Kunst und Chronologie der Parther und Kuschan vom 1. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum 3. Jh. n. Chr." (1971-1974) | ||
| In: Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, vol. 18, 1971-74 | ||
| 1974, p. 146-178. | ||
| Weiskopf, Michael | ||
| "The Kuh Dasht Hoard and the Parthian 'Dark Age' " (1981) | ||
| Museum Notes, 1981, vol. 26, p. 125-152. | ||
| Abstract: A hoard of first century B.C. Parthian drachms found in western Iran provides important archaeological and historical evidence for a period of Iranian history only partially illuminated by indigenous and foreign literary sources. Although the attribution of some coinages to specific kings must still be carried out with a degree of uncertainty, the hoard evidence permits us to draw a more precise portrait of the political climate within Parthia. The importance of pretenders mentioned in Babylonian documents can be downplayed: there is no coinage in the hoard that can be assigned to them. Examples of coins bearing what may be dates provide additional evidence for co-regencies of father and son during the time of Sinatruces and Phraates III. The coinage of Phraates III is indicative of internal stability. Because of the hoard's composition the coinages assigned to Mithradates III and Orodes II can now be arranged with certainty. As a result, one achieves a better understanding of the role coinage played as propaganda during the civil war between the two sons of Phraates III. [Author] | ||
| "The Kuh Dasht Hoard and first century B.C. Parthia" (1981) | ||
| American Journal of Archaeology, 1981, vol. 85, no. 2, p. 222. | ||
| Abstract:
Short paper presented at the 82nd General Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of Americs. See Weiskopf, Michael (1981): "The Kuh Dasht Hoard and the Parthian 'Dark Age' " ANS Museum Notes 26 (1981), pp. 125-152. Abstract: A hoard of first century B.C. Parthian drachms found in western Iran provides important archaeological and historical evidence for a period of Iranian history only partίally illuminated by indigenous and foreign literary sources. Although the assignation of some coinages to specific kings must still be carried out with a degree of uncertainty, the hoard evidence permits us to draw a more precise portrait of the political climate within Parthia. The importance of pretenders mentioned in Babylonian documents can be downplayed: there is no coinage in the hoard to be assigned to them. Examples of coins which bear what may be dates provide additional evidence for co-regencies of father and son during the time of Sinatruces and Phraates III. The coinage of Phraates III is indicative of internal stability, and markings on the reverse of that coinage point to a possible expansion of minting activitΙes in the western sectors of the empire. Because of the hoard's composition the coinages assigned to Mithradates III and Orodes II can now be arranged with certaίnty. As a result, one achieves a better understanding of the role coinage played as propaganda during the civil war between these two sons of Phraates III. The conclusions drawn from the Kuh Dasht hoard are complemented by the previous analysis of Nancy Waggoner (in Miles Studies), and the recent work of Otto Μørkholm (NC 1980), who independently reached similar conclusions based in part on hoard evidence from northern Iran. [Author] See review, American Journal of Archaeology 85, p.222. | ||
| Weissbach, F. H. | ||
| Die Keilinschriften der Achämeniden (1911) | ||
| Leipzig: 1911 | ||
| Abstract: Behistun inscription in section 35. | ||
| Weitzmann, K. | ||
| "Three Bactrian Silver Vessels with Illustrations from Euripides" (1943) | ||
| Art Bulletin, 1943, vol. 25, p. 289ff. | ||
| Welles, C. B. | ||
| "Letter of Artaban III, King of Parthia, to Seleucia on the Eulaeus (Susa), validating the election of the city treasurer. Audnaeus 17, A.D. 21" (1934) | ||
| In: Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period: A Study in Greek Epigraphy | ||
| New Haven: 1934, p. 299-306. | ||
| Welles, C. B., Fink, R. O., Gilliam, J. F. & Henning, W. B. | ||
| The parchments and papyri (1959) | ||
| In: Excavations at Dura Europos. Final report 5 ; part 1 | ||
| New Haven: 1959 | ||
| Abstract: With an account of the three Iranian fragments by W. B. Henning. Excavations at Dura-Europos conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters. Text no. 153 is Parthian. | ||
| Wenke, Robert J. | ||
| Imperial investments and agricultural developments in Parthian and Sassanian Khuzestan, 150 B.C. to A.D. 640 (1975) | ||
| 1975, p. 437. | ||
| Abstract: University of Michigan dissertation. Published in Mesopotamia, Vols. 10-11, pp. 31-221. | ||
| Imperial investments and agricultural developments in Parthian and Sassanian Khuzestan, 150 B.C. to A.D. 640 (1975-1976) | ||
| Mesopotamia, 1976, vol. 10-11, p. 31-221. | ||
| Abstract: University of Michigan dissertation. Includes 61 maps. | ||
| "Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran" (1981) | ||
| Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1981, vol. 101, no. 3 (Jul-Sep), p. 303-315. | ||
| Abstract: Recent archaeological and numismatic evidence from Southwest Iran and adjacent areas has illuminated some of the complex cultural changes underway in this region during the Parthian period (c. 210 B. C.-c. A. D. 220). The evidence is still sketchy, but it appears that this period witnessed fundamental changes in settlement patterns, economic structures, and administrative systems-changes that were integral to the formation of the first highly centralized, "bureau-cratic" empires during the Sasanian and Early Islamic eras. | ||
| "Western Iran in the Partho-Sasanian Period: The Imperial Transformation" (1987) | ||
| In: Hole, Frank (ed.), The Archaeology of Western Iran, Settlement and Society from Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest | ||
| Washington, DC: 1987, p. 251-281. | ||
| West, E. W. | ||
| "Sassanian Inscriptions Explained by the Pahlavi of the Parsis" (1869) | ||
| Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1870, tome/ser. New, vol. 4 part 2, p. 44. | ||
| Abstract: Read March 15, 1869. | ||
| Westermark, Ulla | ||
| The collection of His late Majesty King Gustaf VI Adolf ; The Fred Forbat Collection (1974) | ||
| In: Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. Sweden ; 1 | ||
| Kungel: Vitterhets-, historie- och antikvitetsakademien, 1974, 49 p. | ||
| Abstract: Photography by Nils Lagergren. Contains Parthian coins in the Forbat collection, nos. 520, 521. | ||
| Wetzel, Friedrich; Schmidt, Erich F. & Mallwitz, Alfred | ||
| Das Babylon der Spätzeit (1957) | ||
| In: Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft | ||
| Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1957 | ||
| Wheeler, Everett L. | ||
| "Roman Treaties with Parthia: Voelkerrecht or Power Politics?" (2000) | ||
| In: Paper presented at The XVIIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held 1-12 Sep 2000 in Amman, Jordan. | ||
| 2000 | ||
| Wheeler, M. | ||
| Les influences romaines au-delà des frontières impériales (1960) | ||
| In: Civilisations d'hier et d'aujourd'hui | ||
| Paris: 1960, 238 p. | ||
| Wheeler, R. E. M. | ||
| Rome Beyond the Imperial Frontiers (1954) | ||
| London: 1954 | ||
| White, L. Michael | ||
| "Hatra" (1997) | ||
| In: Meyers, Eric M. (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, vol. 2 | ||
| Oxford: 1997, 484 p. | ||
| Whitehead, R. B. | ||
| The pre-Mohammedan coinage of Northwestern India (1922) | ||
| In: Numismatic notes and monographs, No. 13 | ||
| New York: American Numismatic Society, 1922, 56 p. | ||
| Wickevoort Crommelin, Bernard R. van | ||
| "Die Parther und die parthische Geschichte bei Pompeius Trogus-Iustin" (1996) | ||
| In: Wiesehöfer, Josef (ed.), Das Partherreich und seine Zeugnisse - The Arsacid Empire : Sources and Documentation. Beiträge des Internationalen Colloquiums, Eutin (27.-30. Juni 1996). Historia-Einzelschriften, 122 | ||
| Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998, p. 259-277. | ||
| Widemann, François | ||
| "Contremarques du monnayage indo-grec" (1977) | ||
| Quaderni Ticinesi, 1977, vol. 6, p. 99-105. | ||
| Abstract: Graeco-Bactrian, Parthian and Indo-Parthian issues were countermarked from the second century B.C. to the second century A.D. The chronological classification of the countermarks is difficult, but one is suggested. Three hitherto unknown countermarks are preserved. [Sara Sorda] | ||
| Bibliography - Page 65 |
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